31.   Numerous studies have shown that Helicobacter pylori infection of the gastric antrum raises circulating gastrin concentrations in duodenal ulcer patients and healthy volunteers.

32.   Granulocytes and mononuclear cells were obtained by gradient centrifugation of venous blood from healthy volunteers.

33.   Gastric intubation studies of seven healthy adult volunteers showed a direct relation between changes in gastric acid secretion and changes in urine acid output.

34.   Six healthy adult volunteers collected urine specimens throughout the course of a normal day, noting the time that food and drink were taken.

35.   Moreover, much of the work was methodologically flawed by small numbers of subjects, many of whom were hospital patients rather than healthy volunteers.

36.   Transient hypochlorrhydria because of H pylori in acutely infected subjects has been noted in studies that included healthy volunteers.

37.   With placebo treatment, the duration of contraction was higher in the distal oesophagus, a finding that confirms earlier studies in healthy volunteers.

38.   The gastric residence of the solid and liquid phases of the meal in the stomach was also characterised using gamme scintigraphy in healthy volunteers.

39.   Heparinised blood was taken from apparently healthy volunteers for use as effector cells for cytotoxicity.

40.   In contrast, Rijk et al evaluated the faecal excretions of healthy volunteers with accelerated transit time after a single dose.