31.   A government pledges to convert each dollar into a fixed amount of gold.

32.   A growing deficit hurts the currency by putting more dollars into the hands of Japanese exporters, who sell them for yen when repatriating revenue.

33.   A growing surplus puts a wealth of dollars into the hands of Japanese exporters to convert to yen when they bring home revenue from abroad.

34.   A federal effort that poured millions of dollars into the development of a safer cigarette failed.

35.   A growing surplus puts more dollars into the hands of Japanese exporters, who sell them for yen when repatriating revenue.

36.   A growing trade gap with Japan puts more dollars into the hands of Japanese exporters, who sell them when bringing money home.

37.   A growing gap puts more dollars into the hands of foreign exporters, who sell them for other currencies when bringing money home.

38.   A rising Japanese trade surplus puts more dollars into the hands of Japanese exporters, who sell them for yen when returning revenue to Japan.

39.   A stronger dollar makes Porsche cars more competitive in the U.S. and means the company repatriates more money when it converts its dollars back into marks.

40.   A rising Japanese trade surplus hurts the U.S. currency by putting more dollars into the hands of Japanese exporters, who sell them for yen when bringing profits home.