31.   Although there was no comparison group, his pilot study suggested that nicotine substantially improved their movement and relieved their mental difficulties.

32.   Among other things, many patients in the comparison group likely had friends and relatives praying for them, too.

33.   All of those in the untreated comparison group steadily declined, the study said.

34.   Among other things, many patients in the comparison group undoubtedly had friends and relatives praying for them, too.

35.   Angell notes that international rules require comparison groups to receive the best treatment available, not simply the standard in use where the study is being conducted.

36.   Among boys, convicted juveniles were nearly twice as likely to have high bone-lead levels as the youngsters in the comparison group.

37.   But they also reported significantly less risky behavior as young adults than a comparison group.

38.   Fewer than one quarter of those in the comparison group felt this much improvement.

39.   Flu in the Relenza-treated family members typically lasted three days, compared with about six days in the comparison group.

40.   However, Saba contended that without an untreated comparison group, the latest findings would be impossible to interpret.