21.   Marxists have rejected the utility of discussing bureaucracy in relation to other parts of the state apparatus in isolation from civil society.

22.   The exercise of bureaucratic functions reflects the way the state apparatus as a whole functions.

23.   As the state apparatus of the Soviet Union grew under Stalin rather than withered away, further justification for the expansion of bureaucracy had to be sought.

24.   The relationship between party and state varies between greater or lesser amounts of party control of, or even fusion with, the state apparatus.

25.   Control of well-qualified and experienced managers and administrators in the state apparatus is difficult for less able party officials and causes resentment.

26.   The state apparatus is getting stronger as the economy is transformed by scientific and technological developments, as planning becomes more complex and as society generally becomes more educated.

27.   The personnel of the state apparatus have become homogenized into a distinct social group whose backgrounds have become increasingly similar.

28.   The party in communist systems may control the state apparatus.

29.   They are based on an assessment of relationships between different parts of the state apparatus.

30.   Such studies tend to ignore the influence of economic relationships on the development of the state apparatus under colonialism.