21.   Patent holders can stop anyone else from using an invention, or grant licenses in return for royalty fees.

22.   Pesky patent holders do in fact get in the way of large corporations.

23.   Patent holder ACT declined to comment.

24.   Sachs said that patent holders can be encouraged to offer discounts and to accept generic competition.

25.   So with the appeals court ruling, a majority of patent holders suddenly found themselves barred from using the doctrine when fighting infringement.

26.   So, now Begleiter is the patent holder of what he calls the Prismagic method for putting holograms on unusual surfaces.

27.   Such exceptions apply only to cure domestic emergency, and some royalty must be paid to the patent holder.

28.   Technically, the high court reversed a lower court ruling that had stripped patent holders of the power to sue infringers under a law called the doctrine of equivalents.

29.   That means many patent holders involved in infringement cases or applicants seeking new patents will have to conduct themselves almost as if the appeals court ruling still stood.

30.   The BU lab already pays licensing fees to gene patent holders when running certain diagnostic tests for patients.