21.   Nothing worked until he fed the frogs invertebrates collected from leaf litter in the rain forest.

22.   The cutting of trees along the stream bank -- the riparian zone -- has deprived some aquatic insects of the leaf litter on which they feed.

23.   The flightless kiwi, a nocturnal and nearly blind inhabitant of New Zealand forests, detects worms and insect larvae in the leaf litter by smell.

24.   The small branch projecting from the leafy shelf above the nest was unmoved, and no claws had scraped away the surrounding leaf litter.

25.   The vast majority of ladybug species hibernate outdoors beneath leaf litter, under the loose bark of trees or in clumps of grass.

26.   These birds typically eat insects that are stirred out of the leaf litter by swarms of invading ants.

27.   They determined that a new queen will dig into leaf litter left from the previous autumn.

28.   They notice the outline of footprints in leaf litter, gravel, even hard rock.

29.   They will spend the winter under rock outcroppings, shingles, clapboards or window frames or in leaf litter.

30.   Ticks favor a moist, shaded environment, especially areas with leaf litter and low-lying vegetation in wooded, brushy or overgrown grassy habitat.