11.   But when the school announced its location in a black neighborhood, all but two white applicants dropped out of the process.

12.   Cheryl Hopwood and other white applicants turned down under that system sued and won.

13.   Federal government reports show disparities between bank loans to black applicants and white applicants.

14.   In one study, a white applicant was four times more likely to be offered a job than a similarly qualified African-American.

15.   In other words, many qualified white applicants probably would have been turned down even if no minority students had applied.

16.   Its lawyers sued on behalf of a white applicant, charging the state with unconstitutional race preference.

17.   Policies that have accepted some black and Hispanic students to leading universities over white applicants with higher test scores have provided educational opportunities that for decades were denied.

18.   Rejected white applicants also would be allowed to reapply.

19.   That barred relatively few white applicants but many blacks.

20.   That case, too, had been brought by a white applicant who was rejected.