11.   Most vaccine development in past decades has been done by commercial companies.

12.   Other areas receiving the biggest gains were research on diabetes, prostate cancer, topical microbicides, vaccine development and hepatitis C.

13.   Russia, Iraq, and North Korea all have sufficient quantities of the smallpox virus and other infectious agents to prompt the US military to step up vaccine development.

14.   So far, vaccine development has been disappointing.

15.   The foundation is already funding major efforts in AIDS vaccine development, malaria research and vitamin fortification programs in the developing world.

16.   The history of vaccine development is replete with examples of scientists who have been the first human guinea pig.

17.   The insights, he added, would aid vaccine development and new methods of germ detection and treatment.

18.   The papers also provide ideas that might lead to new approaches to vaccine development.

19.   The Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research uses its anthrax stock for vaccine development, said Dr. Jean Patterson, chairwoman of the department of virology and immunology.

20.   These sums are hefty, especially where seed money is concerned, but they are nowhere near the magnitude of spending required for successful vaccine development.