11.   To this end Russia has been trying to force Azerbaijan to agree to pump its oil north through Russian pipelines, rather than via Iran.

12.   Turkish officials point out that the Russian pipeline crosses the violence-torn, self-proclaimed republic of Chechnya.

13.   Exports of Russian oil are also limited by the capacity of Russian pipelines, which the bank wants to see expanded.

14.   It also would mean that Caspian Sea oil producers such as Azerbaijan, Kazakstan and Turkmenistan would not depend on Russian pipelines for shipping their oil.

15.   Jamakovic accused Bosnian Serb authorities of siphoning off natural gas from the Russian pipeline as it passes through their territory before entering Sarajevo.

16.   Oil from the Russian pipeline, terminating at the Black Sea port of Novorossiisk, is shipped by tankers through the narrow Turkish straits.

17.   Oil from Azerbaijan started flowing through a Russian pipeline last fall.

18.   Oil from Azerbaijan started flowing through a preliminary Russian pipeline last fall.

19.   Russia already has been losing revenue from oil and gas that is normally transported on Russian pipelines through Chechnya.

20.   Russian pipelines are poorly maintained.