11.   He is challenging his death sentence on both narrow procedural grounds and broader constitutional ones.

12.   Higher courts have thrown out the few previous victories by smokers in cigarette-related lawsuits, often on procedural grounds.

13.   Judge Robert Kraft threw out the suit on procedural grounds late last week.

14.   Last April, as Chang prepared to go to trial, the prosecutors sought publicly to disqualify Critchley on procedural grounds.

15.   Later Supreme Justice John Paul Stevens also declined to lift the order on procedural grounds.

16.   Miller turned him down on procedural grounds, but invited him to request a summary judgment later.

17.   Not long thereafter, prosecutors tried to disqualify Critchley and his co-counsel on procedural grounds.

18.   On Tuesday, however, an appeals court overturned that decision on procedural grounds.

19.   Peter Schuck, a law professor at Yale University, said that most class-action tobacco suits had been thrown out by judges on procedural grounds.

20.   Rep. Bob Barr, R-Ga., attacked the affidavits on procedural grounds but did not offer a defense of Wang.