11.   When the post of chairman of the National Coal Board became vacant, Mrs. Thatcher nominated MacGregor, believing his tough, businesslike approach would be beneficial.

12.   The post became vacant after speaker G.M.C. Balayogi died in a helicopter crash in March.

13.   The post became vacant in December after Clinton sacked former surgeon general Joycelyn Elders over remarks she made suggesting masturbation should be taught in schools.