11.   Trouble in northern Nigeria is all the more worrying for the government because its main opponents are usually portrayed as the Yoruba ethnic group in the south.

12.   Voters blamed the Republicans for the shutdown, which helped Clinton portray his opponents as insensitive.

13.   Rather than use his first radio ad to introduce himself to voters, Lapolla aired a parody portraying another opponent, Maryanne Connelly, as flighty and indecisive.

14.   Through the powerful state-controlled media, Milosevic has portrayed his opponents as traitors, enemies of the state and Western stooges.

15.   With memories of the NATO bombing still fresh, Milosevic has sought to portray his opponents as traitors and Western stooges.