11.   The indications for TIPSS were bleeding from gastric varices or recurrent bleeding from oesophageal varices that had not responded to repeated injection sclerotherapy.

12.   The indications for insertion of TIPSS in our series were recurrent bleeding from oesophageal varices despite injection sclerotherapy, bleeding gastric varices, and portal gastropathy.

13.   Similarly, bleeding from oesophageal varices that have not responded to repeated sessions of injection sclerotherapy is a further indication for surgical intervention.