11.   They provide assistance to firms in raising new capital through the issue of new shares.

12.   An issue of new shares by the target company resulting in a controlling interest being obtained.

13.   New shares may also be issued between the date of the court-ordered meeting and the hearing of the petition to sanction the scheme.

14.   The issue of new ordinary shares can lead to a shift in the balance of power in the offeror.

15.   Ordinary shares are not particularly attractive unless the offeror is listed and the new shares will also be admitted to listing.

16.   In reality, however, the issue amounts to a pre-ordained acquisition of new shares for cash by third parties.

17.   A rights issue is a means by which a company raises capital by offering new shares to existing shareholders at a fixed price.

18.   Demand from investors will determine how many new shares are issued, although Pittencrieff said yesterday it will retain a majority stake.

19.   The need to secure approval under US competition law encouraged the company to issue the new shares in two stages.

20.   Any new share market would have to be authorised by the Securities and Investments Board as a Recognised Investment Exchange.