11.   Perfusion of the stomach with saline for four hours failed to cause any mucosal damage at the macroscopic and histological level.

12.   Failure of gliadin derived peptides to activate adenylate cyclase in duodenal biopsy homogenates from patients who have been successfully treated may be ascribed to the repair of mucosal damage.

13.   Hydrogen peroxide has been used as an enema or as a cleaning agent for endoscopes and may cause mucosal damage when applied to the surface of the gut wall.

14.   The driving force for inflammation then is a combination of drug and luminal induced mucosal damage.

15.   Recently, an absorptive transport mechanism was discovered at the small bowel level suggesting the possibility of a carnitine deficient state in patients with mucosal damage.

16.   It is also associated with severe focal mucosal damage but no thrombi are found in the submucosal vessels.

17.   The organism has very high urease activity and it has been suggested that the production of high concentrations of ammonia at the epithelial surface could cause mucosal damage.

18.   It has also been postulated that ammonia produced by H pylori predisposes to mucosal damage by denaturing the structure of the protective mucus layer.

19.   It has also been proposed that H pylori ammonia production will lead to mucosal damage by denaturing the protective mucus layer.

20.   Smoking and alcohol consumption predispose to oesophageal mucosal damage and exacerbates gastro oesophageal reflux.