11.   Third, the parties may have started with the contract or conditions of the party who is now seeking the protection of the UCTA against an exemption clause.

12.   They may have then negotiated from these to produce a final contract in which the other party introduced the exemption clause in question through negotiation.

13.   Here it seems hard to say that the party seeking to rely on the exemption clause is contracting on his own written standard terms.

14.   But under various sovereign exemption clauses, states have long held that they are immune to lawsuits from citizens who fall prey to violent criminals.

15.   I want to ask them what they know about the personal exemption clause but inevitably, the conversation has already shifted to getting the fields ready for spring planting.

16.   Others, led by France, want fines set on a case-by-case basis by EU meetings and want wider exemption clauses.

17.   A murder exemption clause in his personal accident policy meant they did not have to pay out, the firms claim.

18.   Howard Baron, an American businessman, was found with a bullet wound to his heart and the defendants claimed his policy had a murder exemption clause.

19.   Mr Ma said the insurers had three defences, one being the murder exemption clause.

20.   However, some officials are seeking the help of national governments for sport to be made a special case with an exemption clause in the forthcoming Maastricht Treaty.