11.   There are other differences, for example, as regards the statutory controls over exclusion clauses.

12.   Exemption clauses can be sub-divided into exclusion clauses and limitation clauses.

13.   An exclusion clause gives the party relying on it total exemption for the breach whereas a limitation clause limits liability to a specified amount.

14.   The exclusion clause was of no effect for this breach of an express term.

15.   In cases where volenti is based on agreement, that agreement may amount to an exclusion clause.

16.   Further up the chain there may be an exclusion clause which would prevent any contract action.

17.   They were to be treated as exclusion clauses.

18.   Some exclusion clauses do not totally exclude liability for a breach but only restrict it.

19.   So far we have looked at exclusion clauses which exclude or restrict liability for a particular type of breach arising from a particular cause.

20.   Such clauses are common in contracts, but equally common are general exclusion clauses which exclude or restrict liability for all breaches however caused.