11.   Some companies already surprised investors.

12.   That means more companies will surprise more people more of the time, and that will lead to greater swings in stock prices.

13.   The company surprised investors on Tuesday by announcing that its second-quarter earnings per share would fall short of Wall Street expectations.

14.   The company surprised Wall Street in July by reporting disappointing second-quarter revenues in its North American consumer-product business.

15.   But the company surprised them by going much further, making a change that could have far broader implications.

16.   Late Monday, the company surprised Wall Street analysts by warning that its fiscal first-quarter results would badly miss expectations.

17.   Shortly after midnight Tuesday, the company surprised Wall Street analysts by warning that its fiscal first-quarter results would badly miss expectations.

18.   The company surprised the world of motorsport in January when it unveiled a black Formula One prototype with its own engine and chassis.