11.   Boosting the dollar further against the yen was yen weakness against the mark, since many mark-yen transactions go through the U.S. currency.

12.   A falling surplus tends to boost the dollar because it means Japanese exporters have fewer dollars to convert to yen.

13.   A declining surplus often boosts the dollar because it means Japanese exporters have fewer dollars to sell for yen when they bring home earnings.

14.   A further rate increase in the U.S. could help boost the dollar by making dollar-denominated deposits more attractive to investors.

15.   A decline in the Japanese surplus often helps boost the dollar by leaving fewer dollars in the hands of Japanese exporters to sell for yen to bring profits home.

16.   A German government warning that tax revenue would fall short of projections boosted the dollar.

17.   A shrinking Japanese trade surplus tends to boost the dollar because it means fewer dollars in the hands of Japanese exporters to sell for yen to bring profits home.

18.   A shrinking surplus often boosts the dollar because it means fewer dollars in the hands of Japanese exporters to sell when they bring profits home.

19.   A smaller surplus boosts the dollar by reducing the amount of dollars Japanese exporters have to sell for yen.

20.   A shrinking surplus often helps boost the dollar because it means Japanese exporters have fewer yen to sell for dollars.