11.   Even among those who see the wealth effect as genuine, there is a wide range of opinion over how it affects the economy.

12.   Federal Reserve officials are reluctant to respond to short-term problems like the dollar in part because interest rate changes can take nine months or more to affect the economy.

13.   Greenspan reminded the committee members that the Fed must look forward, given the time it takes changes in interest rate policy to affect the economy.

14.   Gun violence in city schools affects the economy by influencing where businesses and people locate and by hindering the education of the future work force.

15.   He said Congress and government antitrust officials should wait to see how mergers affect the economy before attempting to break up any of them.

16.   Higher interest rates tend to affect the economy gradually, over six months to two years.

17.   Higher oil prices affect economies in two main ways.

18.   How quickly those savings will affect the economy is a matter of debate.

19.   If earnings problems are affecting both the old and new economies, will there be a place for investors to hide?

20.   In Chicago, it keeps an eye on how commodity prices are affecting the economy.