1.   Cloning involves putting the genetic material of a donor into an egg where the nucleus has been removed to create a genetic copy of the donor.

2.   Dominko says that the trauma of removing the nucleus from the egg might be what triggers the defects.

3.   Eggs whose nuclei are removed and then put back inside show the same abnormalities, as well as evidence of programmed cell suicide.

4.   Finally, the scientists could transplant the nucleus of the modified cell into a donor egg whose nucleus had been removed.

5.   Human cloning for reproductive purposes involves taking an egg and removing the nucleus, which normally contains half the genetic material necessary to make a human.

6.   Next, they remove the nucleus from a cell belonging to the adult that is to be cloned and insert it into the egg.

7.   The cells are obtained by fusing a human skin or blood cell with a cow egg whose own nucleus has been removed.

8.   The hybrid cow-human cells consist of the nucleus of a human cell inserted into a cow egg whose own nucleus has been removed.

9.   The nuclei of those cells then were placed into cow eggs whose own nuclei had been removed.

10.   Then Wilmut removed the nucleus, containing the genes, from an egg cell taken from another ewe.