1.   As that gap widens, the yen tends to grow stronger.

2.   The monetary authority does this because the yen tends to strengthen during this quarter, traders said.

3.   The yen tends to strengthen as long as expectations for higher Japanese interest rates persist, traders said.

4.   A higher yen tends to make Japanese exports less competitive by forcing exporters to raise prices on products they sell overseas.

5.   A higher yen tends to make Japanese exports more expenses aboard, and thus less competitive, cutting into earnings of export-oriented Japanese companies.

6.   A higher yen tends to make Japanese exports more expensive aboard, thus cutting into earnings of export-oriented Japanese companies.

7.   A higher yen tends to make Japanese exports more expensive abroad and thus less competitive, cutting into earnings of export-dependent companies.

8.   A higher yen tends to make Japanese exports more expensive abroad and thus less competitive.

9.   A higher yen tends to make Japanese exports more expensive abroad, and thus less competitive, cutting into earnings of exporters.

10.   A higher yen tends to make Japanese exports more expensive abroad, thus cutting into dollar-denominated earnings of export-led Japanese companies when converted into yen.