1.   Several Y-specific genes have been used for sex typing.

2.   Now researchers have found a way of using a gene which destroys cancer cells, but does not effect others.

3.   As such, the endogenous gene was used as a DNA loading reference representing two copies.

4.   Another therapeutic technique would use genes that make a cell self-destruct.

5.   And, they said, they hope to use the gene to understand why breast cancer, of all sorts, occurs in the first place.

6.   But their genomes are thought to have remained so similar that important genes could be used interchangeably.

7.   Even so, what if the dwarf gene could be used to create hedges that do not need to be pruned, or trees that require no trimming?

8.   Eye cells, for instance, use the genes that make proteins for vision.

9.   For example, scientists have used genes to build a biological toggle switch, which corresponds to a fundamental element in computers, and a rudimentary clock.

10.   Gluphosinate resistance, by contrast, is achieved using a gene that simply enables plants to break down the herbicide.