1.   A federal trial judge in New York adopted that stance in this case.

2.   A trial judge sided with Burroughs, however, and threw out the patent challenges before they ever reached a jury.

3.   At first instance the trial judge dismissed the claim.

4.   Eighteen months later an appellate court reversed the convictions and criticized the conduct of the trial judge and the prosecution.

5.   It is difficult to persuade the Court of Appeal to alter a finding of direct fact by the trial judge.

6.   The comparative weight of the evidence is, however, peculiarly the function of the trial judge who has heard the witnesses.

7.   The trial judge acquitted the accused on the charge of assault.

8.   The trial judge did not so direct the jury.