1.   A formula was devised taking into account the size of the excavation and the age of surrounding pavement.

2.   Moreover, he said engineers only recently were able to determine the broader impact of trenches on surrounding pavement.

3.   The bomb, which may have been detonated by remote control, went off as the army vehicle passed, shattering all the glass and damaging the surrounding pavement.

4.   Traffic was reduced to a crawl by the sheer weight of pedestrians on the surrounding pavements.