1.   But the greater the success, the less likely there will be a second set of shadow conventions in four years.

2.   Charging that neither political party is responsible to its constituents, the disidents will hold shadow conventions in Philadelphia and Los Angeles.

3.   Instead, funded by foundation grants, the shadow conventions are intended to hark back to the days when national conventions were about debating issues and setting agendas.

4.   Nor will these shadow conventions be the end of it.

5.   Only the shadow convention knows.

6.   Organizers of the shadow convention blame voter apathy on the influence of contributions to the parties.

7.   Shadow conventions are going on.

8.   The idea for the shadow conventions came about at a breakfast where Hirshberg had just unveiled an Internet game that pokes fun at the political process.

9.   The group said the shadow conventions, to be broadcast on its Web site, www.shadowconventions.com.

10.   The shadow conventions will have participants from all camps.