1.   However, the final verdict on toxicity rests on the measurement of serum calcium.

2.   Intravenous phosphate has been recommended for lowering the serum calcium when other measures have failed.

3.   The sources for the elevated serum calcium in dialysis patients are multiple.

4.   Therefore, to diagnose hypercalcemia in a suspected case, one must obtain at least three separate measurements of the serum calcium.

5.   They both participate in the regulation of the concentration of serum calcium.

6.   While the hypercalcemia, when present, is usually mild, at times Marked elevations in serum calcium have been observed.

7.   At the time of sacrifice, blood was obtained for measurement of serum calcium, phosphate, and albumin.

8.   The amount of pamidronate given depended on the pretreatment corrected serum calcium.

9.   Serum calcium was at the lower end of the normal reference range in all three patient groups.