1.   Even when refined sugar is combined with refined flour to make cakes or desserts, the chewing required tends to be minimal.

2.   Flour tortillas are most often made from refined flour, though some are made from whole wheat flour, so look for these.

3.   Most Graham crackers today contain refined white flour, which Graham thought was the root of all evil.

4.   The new whole-grain health claim may help shoppers distinguish between breads that are mostly whole-grain and those that are mostly refined flour.