1.   Carli said the problem stems from the fact DSS workers use a form letter when confirming cases of abuse.

2.   Most problems stem from the foliage of houseplants or the berries of outdoor plants, said Paul Thomas, a floriculture specialist for the University of Georgia Extension Service.

3.   Though most critics would say the problem stems from the basic inappropriateness of trying to rank artistic performances, Braginsky blames the inadequate quality of the judging.

4.   GM said the problem stems from vehicle software which the company said will be updated at no charge to the customer.