1.   Objectors said the clause could enable white residents to prevent blacks moving in.

2.   A main reason the practice has prevailed is that it can prevent blacks from winning primaries when the white vote is split among two or more white candidates.

3.   If there are policies based solely on skin color that prevent blacks from becoming cops or anything else they want, then those problems deserve immediate relief.

4.   A black judge, Victor Lugaju, will preside over the trial, an ironic twist considering that Botha sought to prevent blacks from ever gaining such positions.

5.   Botha sought to prevent blacks from ever gaining such positions when he was president.

6.   Lugaju, who is black, represents an irony in the case as Botha sought to prevent blacks from becoming judges when he was president.

7.   Mugabe has also taken election-rally swipes at whites, whom he said practiced racism in elite clubs whose fees were set high to prevent blacks from joining.

8.   South Africa was banned from international sports events for more than three decades because of apartheid policies that prevented blacks from competing on the national team.

9.   South Africa was barred from competition for more than three decades because of apartheid policies that prevented blacks from competing on the national team.

10.   South Africa was banned from the Olympics for more than three decades because of apartheid policies that prevented blacks from competing on the national team.