1.   A seventh member of the court, Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist, agreed in a separate opinion that the all-male admissions policy violated the Constitution.

2.   But advocates for women complained that the new policy may violate the privacy of pregnant women.

3.   But Palestinians say, and human-rights groups agree, that the policy violates international law, amounting to collective punishment while doing nothing to stop the uprising.

4.   But opponents argue that that such a policy violates the privacy of mothers and amounts to mandatory HIV testing for them.

5.   But some attorneys say such policies violate students rights.

6.   He contends the testing policy violates his Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable search.

7.   He said the Clinton policy violated the First Amendment rights of homosexuals and was discriminatory because it did not prohibit heterosexuals from declaring their sexual orientation.

8.   In the Meinhold case, the appeals court said that the military could not discharge Meinhold and that the old policy violated the equal protection guarantees of the Constitution.

9.   Justice Department officials said the policy could violate federal civil-rights laws governing educational institutions.

10.   Richard Ketchum, the chief operating officer of the Nasdaq stock market, said such a policy would violate the Nasdaq rule.