1.   This is calculated by multiplying the number of shares in issue by their Market price.

2.   For Excess time payments -- the amount is calculated by multiplying the number of days worked by the daily rate in the excess hours column.

3.   For Excess travelling payments -- the amount is calculated by multiplying the number of days worked by the daily rate in the expenses column.

4.   Acid output was calculated by multiplying the hydrogen ion concentration by the volume of the gastric aspirate.

5.   Costs for each patient were then calculated by multiplying the mean cost per procedure by the number of procedures performed on them.

6.   The number of pack-years is calculated by multiplying the amount smoked each day by the number of years a person smoked.

7.   The standard comparison is based on passenger miles traveled, calculated by multiplying the number of passengers by miles flown.

8.   Wattage, which is calculated by multiplying the voltage by the current flowing in a wire, measures the work being done at a given point and time.