1.   The leaf node therefore has a different structure to index nodes.

2.   Leaf nodes contain data pointers and index nodes contain pointers down the tree.

3.   Cut a tip about six inches long, including at least two leaf nodes.

4.   It roots from leaf nodes and can simply be peeled up if it goes where unwanted.

5.   Make the cuts just above leaf nodes.

6.   On each runner, leave a couple of leaf nodes past the last fruit you want to keep, he said.

7.   Scratch a shallow trench and cradle a few inches of the branch, including a couple of leaf nodes in it.

8.   Select trusses that are about half open, and use a very sharp pruner to cut just above a leaf node.

9.   To make more branches on the stem, shoot or both, prune right above any leaf node or above the scar where a leaf used to be.