1.   Despite islet cell transplants, the mice remained diabetic.

2.   If they could be coaxed to become islet cells, we would be able to treat every diabetic with an islet cell transplant.

3.   In an islet transplant, the islets are separated from the pancreas and injected into a vein leading to the liver.

4.   Maybe the islet cell transplant was not necessary because once the scientists blocked the underlying disease, the pancreas could regenerate its own islet cells.

5.   Shapiro made a number of changes to standard islet transplants.

6.   The islet transplants worked in small animals, so the researchers tested monkeys, traditionally the last step before a human trial.