1.   Dispersive instruments use prisms or gratings to separate radiation of different frequencies, by refraction or diffraction.

2.   Reliability Any instrument used in language assessments needs to provide reliable measures.

3.   The instrument uses a pinpoint laser beam to record activity in the microscopic vessels that carry blood close to the surface of the skin.

4.   Waters makes liquid chromatography instruments used to detect and identify the chemical, physical and biological composition of compounds in biotechnology and drug research.

5.   Oratec, based in Menlo Park, California, develops and markets radio frequency instruments used to treat chronic back and joint pain.

6.   Several instruments generally used by professional kidnappers, such as gloves, industrial-strength tape, and syringes, were reportedly found at the scene.