1.   Among other abuses, Marlborough was found to have sold paintings to favored clients at less than market value and to have collected inflated commissions.

2.   It would not be illegal, industry sources said, for investment managers to pay inflated commissions of their own volition.

3.   JPMorgan is being investigated for allegedly receiving inflated commissions on non-IPO stocks from clients who received IPO shares.

4.   Whether the investment managers offered the inflated commissions, or the firms or stock brokers demanded them, is a question of law.

5.   The scheme by top management meant that antique dealers and others selling personal belongings paid inflated commissions for nearly a decade.

6.   Some agencies made up stories about their applicants to lure people to date, and then charged inflated commissions, he said.

7.   The cut-throat competition engendered by the new arrivals has resulted in inflated commissions paid to insurance agencies and other unfair trading practises, Hao said.