1.   It gained versus the yen after a Japanese survey showed business executives are pessimistic about the economy.

2.   It gained versus the yen after a survey showed Japanese managers are pessimistic about the economy.

3.   It gained versus the yen, British pound and Swiss franc.

4.   The dollar surged against the German mark and gained versus other major currencies after a Bundesbank official said the U.S. currency is too weak.

5.   The peso gained versus the dollar this year because of heavy foreign investment.

6.   The U.S. currency also is likely to gain versus the yen as slow growth and a banking crisis in Japan made traders reluctant to hold yen.

7.   To be sure, the mark gained versus the Italian lira and the Spanish peseta amid speculation those currencies will initially be excluded from the euro, Koss said.

8.   U.S. investors make money when currencies of their non-U.S. holdings gain versus the dollar because those securities become worth more dollars.

9.   When the mark rises against its European counterparts, it frequently gains versus the dollar too, as speculators seek multiple opportunities to buy the German currency.

10.   When the mark rises against European currencies it generally gains versus the dollar, too, as speculators seek all opportunities to buy marks.