1.   The U.S. government, and the Burnham family, are also reluctant to raise money for ransom, believing such payments would encourage further kidnappings.

2.   The United States has generally opposed ransom payments, maintaining that they encourage kidnappings.

3.   Critics have warned that the large ransom payment will encourage more kidnappings in the southern Philippines.

4.   General Santos Mayor Rosalita Nunez, fearing that payment of the ransom would encourage more kidnappings, has appealed to the abductors to release the captives.

5.   India refuses to do that, saying that could encourage other kidnappings.

6.   India refused, saying such a move would encourage more kidnappings.

7.   New Delhi has refused to meet their demand, saying it will encourage more kidnappings.

8.   Security officials in Moscow say ransom demands should not be negotiated so as not to encourage further kidnappings.

9.   Since the abductions began in July, India has rejected the idea of a swap in principle because, officials say, it could encourage kidnappings.

10.   Since the abductions began in July, India has rejected the idea of a swap, saying it could encourage more kidnappings.