1.   Most astronomers suspect that quasars are fundamentally related to the formation of early galaxies, the origin of which is one of the great unsolved problems of astrophysics.

2.   So there had been stars living and dying long before these early galaxies.

3.   Studying these early galaxies should help scientists discover how present-day galaxies formed and when, Graham said.

4.   These interactions churned out as many as a thousand new stars each year in the early galaxies.