1.   Approaches that use chemicals to reverse drug-induced changes in brain function may be a better approach for reducing drug craving, he said.

2.   Advocates say the treatment triggers the release of chemicals including endorphins, which helps curb drug cravings, withdrawals and promotes relaxation.

3.   After being discharged, some patients experienced continued drug cravings and depression, although at this point no other long-term consequences from GHB dependence are known.

4.   Drug craving is thought to be created by as-yet-unidentified changes in the function and perhaps even the structure of the brain.

5.   He said initial clinical trials of the cocaine vaccine, which is aimed at eliminating the drug craving in recovering addicts, could start as early as next year.

6.   If addicts refuse to acknowledge their drug cravings, therapists have little recourse to treat them.