1.   A two-year wait could scare off investors, discourage young researchers, and send the business and its benefits overseas, they said.

2.   Eisenberg said the placebo issue should not discourage researchers.

3.   Human rights advocates say the case is part of a wave of spy trials intended to discourage Russian researchers from working with foreigners.

4.   Human rights advocates say the cases against scientists are intended to discourage Russian researchers from maintaining contacts with foreigners.

5.   The accusation is the latest in a string of spy cases in Russia that human rights advocates say are intended to discourage Russian researchers from maintaining contacts with foreigners.

6.   The trial is part of what human rights advocates say is a spate of spy cases intended to discourage Russian researchers from maintaining contacts with foreigners.