1.   If any human protein with a potential to transmit germs could be detected, a site was considered unhygienic.

2.   Researchers at the California Institute of Technology and the National Institutes of Health say they can detect certain proteins in cerebrospinal fluid that indicate the presence of the disease.

3.   The standard HIV test detects proteins known as antibodies that are usually formed about six weeks after the virus enters the body.

4.   The trophozoites or cysts can sometimes be seen under a microscope, but immunological tests that detect proteins from the parasite are most effective for making an accurate diagnosis.

5.   Last month, Dutch researchers said they could detect prion proteins in sheep before symptoms of scrapie, a disease similar to mad cow, appear.

6.   The problem for the plants is that they usually detect the protein too late.