1.   ES cell from mice are now commonly used to create experimental mice with desired genetic traits.

2.   Farmers have been crossbreeding plants for centuries to produce ones with desired traits.

3.   Genes for a desired trait are inserted into a large number of embryos.

4.   If scientists can test the genes, however, they can tell if the plant has the desired trait when it is still a seedling.

5.   Once a company has created a crop with the desired GE trait, it must grow more seeds year after year.

6.   Rather, it involves years of hit-or-miss examinations of the cell culture progeny to determine if the desired trait spontaneously arose in any of the cloned plants.

7.   The debate centers on a technology that can borrow genetic code from plants or animals and transfer it to a plant to give it a desired trait.

8.   These tests would identify bulls and cows with desired traits, such as fast weight gain, disease resistance and tenderness.

9.   To see which offspring have the desired traits, they usually must be allowed to grow up, and even then it is often not easy.

10.   With conventional breeding, thousands of unknown genes are transferred in order to get the one with the desired trait.