1.   Ms. Gianola says the growth component is also important for maximizing the portfolio in case Mrs. Mally has to withdraw some funds early to cover an emergency.

2.   NFL teams have insurance to cover medical emergencies but not for wages for injured players.

3.   The railroad carries a financial reserve to cover unexpected emergencies such as derailments.

4.   -- A rainy-day reserve fund to cover emergencies such as natural disasters or military campaigns.