1.   A second, more common method takes advantage of broken chemical bonds on the inside surface of the pipes that provide an excess of negatively charged electrons.

2.   A negatively charged electron draws surrounding positively charged metal ions toward it, generating a vibration that travels through the metal lattice.

3.   But instead of two negatively charged electrons orbiting this nucleus, one of the electrons was replaced by a negatively charged antiproton.

4.   Remember that all atoms consist of a positively charged nucleus orbited by negatively charged electrons?

5.   The BCS theory says that in a superconductor, sufficiently chilled, the negatively charged electrons, which normally repel each other, form an indirect kind of attraction.

6.   The Northern Lights are widely accepted to be light patterns produced by charged electrons and protons that strike gas particles in the upper atmosphere.

7.   With the positively charged proton on one side and the negatively charged electron on the other, the membrane creates an electrical difference that becomes a current.