1.   An astronomer can determine the brightness of each star.

2.   Astronomers can determine the details of the closer object by studying how its gravitational forces affect the light from the more distant one.

3.   Because the astronomers have determined more precisely the location and movement of the arcs and Galatea, they have determined exactly where the area of stability should be.

4.   For decades after the discovery of gamma ray bursts, astronomers could not determine whether they were exploding nearby, in this galaxy, or deep in space.

5.   From this the astronomers determined the distance to the far more remote Coma cluster of galaxies.

6.   The study will permit astronomers to determine how such collisions have affected star formation.

7.   With that network, astronomers could determine the direction a gravity wave is moving and trace its path back to its source.

8.   The bent light gives a specific instrumental signature that allows astronomers to determine the size of the celestial bodies causing the lensing.