1.   It is not known just how the algae can thrive in Antarctic winter conditions, but some researchers have suggested a way.

2.   The Cahills have remained in touch with Nielsen via e-mail during the long Antarctic winter, which is only now beginning to break.

3.   Antarctic ozone depletion starts in July, when sunlight triggers chemical reactions in cold air trapped over the South Pole during the Antarctic winter.

4.   Emperor penguins, the tallest member of the penguin family, are the only animals to raise their young on land in the icy depths of the Antarctic winter.

5.   It was the first-ever Antarctic winter rescue and Shemenski, a former stunt pilot, recounted his departure aboard the twin-engine plane on skis.

6.   The hole is actually an area of thinned ozone, where the gas is depleted by chemical reactions in air trapped over the South Pole during the Antarctic winter.

7.   The party had just a few days before the onset of Antarctic winter would freeze the ocean solid and cut daylight to nothing.

8.   The ship has six days to get the expedition off the ice, otherwise it may be delayed until March, when the Antarctic winter is setting in.

9.   The station is virtually cut off from the outside world between February and November by the Antarctic winter.