1.   Ryan and Pittman may be on firmer ground suggesting a link between the abrupt rise of the Black Sea and cultural changes in Europe and elsewhere.

2.   The abrupt rise in mortgage rates during the early part of the month may have postponed some sales as buyers waited for rates to fall again.

3.   The Indonesian government and international aid groups have proved ill equipped to handle the abrupt rise in those forced to flee their homes.

4.   The temperature often begins an abrupt rise which aids in the dissipation of dense fogs as the sun warms the saturated air.

5.   The temperature often begins an abrupt rise.

6.   Authorities on Sunday had warned of avalanche danger, saying fresh snow and an abrupt rise in temperature had increased the chances for snowslides.

7.   They protested against an abrupt rise in housing prices, which have doubled since January, ITAR-Tass said.