51.   When the mark falls against other European currencies it usually falls against the dollar too, as speculators seek all opportunities to sell the mark.

52.   When the mark weakens against European currencies, it usually falls against the dollar too, as speculators seek all opportunities to sell the mark.

53.   When investors sell marks for yen, they often sell marks for dollars first and then sell those dollars for yen.

54.   When traders convert marks to yen, they often sell marks for dollars first and then sell dollars for yen.

55.   World currency traders had already begun selling marks for dollars on Monday on the assumption that the proposed euro would be weaker than expected.

56.   Currency traders said the coordinated intervention to buy dollars and sell marks and yen was done in massive amounts.

57.   Dealers stopped selling the mark against other European currencies on Wednesday and instead began stocking up on dollars.

58.   Further helping the dollar was the Italian central bank, which was selling marks and purchasing lire in an effort to defend its currency.

59.   The Bank of England participated by selling German marks to buy dollars.

60.   Traders in Madrid said the Bank of Spain was selling German marks.