51.   Recently, Schmitz and Renooij analysed the phospholipid composition of the gastric mucosa in surgical samples from four patients who had partial gastrectomy for peptic ulcer.

52.   It has been reported that the concordance rate for peptic ulcer in monozygotic twins is greater than in dizygotic twins.

53.   From these findings, it can be suggested that pepsinogen genes are involved in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer.

54.   The aim of the present study was to analyse RFLPs for PGA and PGC, and to examine an association between peptic ulcer and the RFLPs.

55.   Peptic ulcer was diagnosed endoscopically.

56.   No control subject individuals had evidence of peptic ulcer by endoscopy.

57.   A major difficulty in genetic studies of peptic ulcer disease has been the lack of subclinical markers.

58.   Some degree of heterogeneity has already been shown in peptic ulcer disease.

59.   Our recent linkage analysis showed that the PGC gene is closely linked to the HLA cluster which has been investigated to determine the association with peptic ulcer disease.

60.   Several genetic and environmental influences have been proposed to explain the racial and the geographic variability in the incidence of peptic ulcer disease.